The technique of playing the piano is a combination of skills, abilities and techniques, with the help of which an expressive artistic sound is achieved. Masterly possession of the instrument is not just a technically competent performance of the work, but also the observance of its stylistic features, character, tempo.
Piano technique is a whole system of technicians, the main components of this system: large technology (chords, arpeggios, octaves, double notes); small appliances (gamma-like passages, various melismas and rehearsals); polyphonic technique (ability to play several voices together); articulation technique (correct execution of strokes); pedalization technique (art of using pedals).
Work on the technique of playing music, in addition to traditional speed, endurance and strength, implies purity and expressiveness. It includes the following steps:
Development of physical abilities of fingers. The main task of novice pianists is the emancipation of hands. The brushes should move smoothly and without tension. It is difficult to work out the correct positioning of hands on weight, so the first lessons are performed on a plane.
There is a simple exercise to strengthen the fingers: put your elbows on the table, freely stretch your arms. Raise your index finger as high as possible and hit them easily on the table. A simple movement must be repeated alternately with all the fingers of both hands, seeking the pushes of the same force. Only the phalanxes are strained, the hands remain relaxed.Exercises on the development of technology and game speed
Not less important!
Contact with the keyboard. In the initial stages of working on piano technique, it is important to develop a sense of support. To do this, the wrists are lowered below the level of the keys and extract sounds due to the weight of the hands, and not the strength of the fingers.
Inertia. The next step will be the game on one line - gamma and simple passages. It is important to remember that the faster the pace of the game, the less weight falls on the arm.
Synchronization. The ability to play harmoniously with the whole brush begins with the study of trills. Then it is necessary to adjust the work of two non-neighboring fingers, with the help of the third and broken octaves. At the final stage, you can move on to the arpeggio - a continuous and full sound game with a change of hands.
Chords. There are two ways to extract chords. The first - “from the keys” - when the fingers are initially located above the necessary notes, and then a chord is extracted with a short, energetic push. The second - "on the keys" - the passage is made from above, without first placing the fingers. This option is technically more complex, but it gives the light and fast sound of the work.
Fingering. The order of alternation of fingers is selected at the initial stage of learning a work. This will help in further work on the technique, fluency and expressiveness of the game. The author's and editorial instructions given in musical literature should be taken into account, but it is much more important to choose your own fingering that will be comfortable for performance and will allow you to more fully convey the artistic meaning of the work. Beginners should follow simple rules:
- For any exercise or passage, the fingering should be recorded.
- The load on the fingers should be uniform. In fast sequences, you need to ensure that repetitions occur as rarely as possible.
- Discipline. Young pianists are tempted to replace weaker fingers, ring and little fingers, with a strong middle. It is necessary to pay due attention to the training of harmonious development of the entire hand.
Dynamics and articulation. It is necessary to learn the work immediately at the indicated pace, taking into account the signs of expression. No "training" rhythms should be.
Having mastered the technique of playing the piano, the pianist acquires the skill of playing music naturally and naturally: works acquire fullness and expressiveness, and fatigue disappears.
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